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NEW QUESTION # 26
Which of these are open-source column-oriented databases?
- A. Accumulo
- B. HBase
- C. All of the above
- D. Both A and B
- E. Cassandra
Answer: C
Explanation:
Column-oriented databases store data by columns rather than by rows, enabling efficient queries over large datasets, especially in analytical workloads.
Cassandra (Option A): An open-source, highly scalable, distributed column-oriented NoSQL database.
HBase (Option B): An open-source, Hadoop-based, column-family NoSQL database modeled after Google BigTable.
Accumulo (Option C): An open-source, secure, sorted, distributed key/value store built on top of HDFS and based on Google BigTable.
Since all three (A, B, and C) are open-source column-oriented databases, the correct answer is Option E (All of the above).
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Big Data Fundamentals: Columnar Databases & NoSQL Ecosystem.
NEW QUESTION # 27
Which of the following is TRUE for Tensor?
- A. Tensor is used to describe multidimensional arrays of numbers on which we perform linear operations
- B. All of the above
- C. In Tensor, there can be arbitrarily many dimensions to the array
- D. Both B and C
- E. Tensor is an array of floating-point numbers
Answer: B
Explanation:
A Tensor is a fundamental data structure in modern machine learning frameworks (e.g., TensorFlow, PyTorch). It is best described as a generalization of vectors and matrices to potentially higher dimensions.
Option A: Correct. Tensors typically store numeric values (commonly floating-point numbers) in structured formats.
Option B: Correct. A tensor can have any number of dimensions (rank). For example:
A scalar is a 0-D tensor.
A vector is a 1-D tensor.
A matrix is a 2-D tensor.
Higher-rank tensors can represent images, videos, or multidimensional datasets.
Option C: Correct. Tensors are explicitly designed to allow linear algebra operations, which are the foundation of deep learning computations (matrix multiplications, dot products, etc.).
Therefore, since all three statements are true, the correct answer is Option E (All of the above).
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Analytics and Machine Learning, Deep Learning Concepts; Official DASCA Study Guide.
NEW QUESTION # 28
Which of the following is a DevOps Practice?
- A. Continuous build
- B. Continuous integration
- C. All of the above
- D. Continuous delivery
Answer: C
Explanation:
DevOps is a collaborative practice that integrates software development (Dev) and IT operations (Ops) to shorten development cycles and deliver applications reliably. Common DevOps practices include:
Continuous Build (Option A): Automating compilation and packaging of source code to ensure consistent builds.
Continuous Integration (Option B): Developers frequently merge code into a shared repository, which is automatically tested to catch integration issues early.
Continuous Delivery (Option C): Automating software release pipelines so applications can be deployed to production quickly and reliably.
Since all of these are essential DevOps practices, the correct answer is Option D (All of the above).
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Business Applications of Data Science: DevOps Practices in Data Science Projects.
NEW QUESTION # 29
Which of the following is NOT an example of graphical model?
- A. Road maps
- B. Computer networks
- C. Flow charts
- D. Electrical circuits
- E. Geographical networks
Answer: C
Explanation:
Graphical models represent relationships between objects using nodes (entities) and edges (relationships).
Examples include:
Road maps (Option A): Nodes = intersections, Edges = roads.
Electrical circuits (Option B): Nodes = components, Edges = connections.
Computer networks (Option C): Nodes = devices, Edges = connections.
Geographical networks (Option D): Nodes = locations, Edges = transport or connectivity.
However:
Flow charts (Option E): These represent process flows, not structural networks of entities and relationships.
They are procedural diagrams, not graphical models in the statistical/graph-theory sense.
Thus, the correct answer is Option E (Flow charts).
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Analytics: Graphical Models and Graph Analysis.
NEW QUESTION # 30
Which of the following is the common evolutionary algorithm of neural networks?
- A. All of the above
- B. Evolution strategy
- C. Genetic programming
- D. Genetic algorithm
Answer: A
Explanation:
Evolutionary algorithms are optimization techniques inspired by natural selection. They are often applied in neural network optimization for evolving architectures, weights, or hyperparameters.
Genetic Algorithm (Option A): Uses selection, crossover, and mutation to evolve neural network parameters.
Genetic Programming (Option B): Evolves computer programs or expressions; can be applied to evolve neural network structures.
Evolution Strategy (Option C): Focuses on optimization using mutation and adaptation of parameters.
Since all are used as evolutionary approaches in neural networks, the correct answer is Option D (All of the above).
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Neural Networks: Evolutionary Algorithms in Machine Learning.
NEW QUESTION # 31
ElementTree sub-library gives us direct access to:
- A. Delete tree of the XML
- B. Insert tree of the XML
- C. Parse tree of the XML
- D. Copy tree of the XML
- E. None of the above
Answer: C
Explanation:
In Python, the ElementTree module (part of the standard library xml.etree.ElementTree) provides a simple and efficient API for parsing and creating XML data.
The main feature of ElementTree is its ability to provide direct access to the parse tree of an XML document.
This allows developers to:
Parse XML into an in-memory tree structure.
Traverse, search, modify, and extract information from XML elements.
Write back changes into XML files.
Options B, C, and D (Delete, Copy, Insert tree) are not standard terminology in XML handling with ElementTree. While you can delete, insert, or copy elements, the module itself primarily gives parse tree access.
Thus, the correct answer is Option A (Parse tree of the XML).
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Programming for Data Science: XML/JSON Handling in Python.
NEW QUESTION # 32
Business Intelligence (BI) is:
- A. BI focuses on "What happened?"
- B. BI focuses on descriptive analytics
- C. Both A and B
- D. Both B and C
- E. BI focuses on reporting on the future state of the business
Answer: C
Explanation:
Business Intelligence (BI) is primarily focused on descriptive analytics and reporting - understanding historical and current business performance.
Option A (Descriptive analytics): Correct. BI uses dashboards, reports, and OLAP tools to summarize what has occurred in the past.
Option B ("What happened?"): Correct. BI answers retrospective questions by analyzing transactional and operational data.
Option C (Future state): Incorrect. Predicting future business outcomes falls under predictive analytics or advanced analytics, not BI.
Thus, the correct answer is Option D (Both A and B).
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Data Visualization & BI: Descriptive Analytics and Reporting.
NEW QUESTION # 33
The aim of developing Scribe was to offer reliability with using:
- A. High disk space usage
- B. Extensive protocols
- C. None of the above
- D. Complex protocols
Answer: C
Explanation:
Scribe is a server developed by Facebook for aggregating log data streamed in real time from many servers.
Its primary aim was reliability and simplicity in collecting logs at scale.
Unlike other systems, Scribe was designed to avoid complex or extensive protocols and to ensure lightweight log transfer.
It also avoids unnecessary high disk usage, relying instead on efficient pipelines.
Thus, the correct answer is Option D (None of the above).
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Data Engineering Tools: Log Collection Systems (Scribe, Kafka, Flume).
NEW QUESTION # 34
Example of amortized performance is:
- A. MapReduce dictionaries
- B. All of the above
- C. Hadoop dictionaries
- D. Python dictionaries
- E. HDFS dictionaries
Answer: D
Explanation:
Amortized performance refers to averaging the cost of operations over a sequence of actions, ensuring that while some operations may be costly, the overall average time per operation remains efficient.
Python Dictionaries (Option B): Implemented using hash tables. Insertions, deletions, and lookups typically run in O(1) average time, but occasionally require rehashing (costly). The high cost of rehashing is spread over many operations, giving amortized constant-time performance.
Option A (Hadoop dictionaries): Not standard terminology.
Option C (HDFS dictionaries): HDFS doesn't use dictionary structures in this sense.
Option D (MapReduce dictionaries): MapReduce uses key-value pairs, but amortized dictionary performance is not its focus.
Thus, the correct answer is Option B (Python dictionaries).
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Programming for Data Science: Hash Tables & Amortized Analysis.
NEW QUESTION # 35
Which of the following is correct about customer lifetime value (CLTV)?
i. Most organizations determine the current customer lifetime value (CLTV) based on historic sales over past
12 to 18 months
ii. The goal of the CLTV score is to help marketing and store personnel to determine the "value" of a customer
- A. Only i
- B. Both i and ii
- C. Only ii
Answer: B
Explanation:
Customer Lifetime Value (CLTV) is a predictive metric estimating the total revenue a business can reasonably expect from a customer during their entire relationship.
Statement i: Correct. Many organizations calculate CLTV using historic transactional data, often looking at sales records over the past 12-18 months to establish baselines.
Statement ii: Correct. The primary purpose of CLTV is to help marketing, sales, and retail teams understand customer value, enabling them to allocate budgets effectively for retention, promotions, and personalized marketing.
Thus, both statements are correct # Option C (Both i and ii).
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Business Applications of Data Science: CLTV Metrics and Marketing Analytics.
NEW QUESTION # 36
Which of the following is NOT a cluster management tool?
- A. Apache Ambari
- B. Apache Mesos
- C. Apache Hadoop
- D. Zettaset Orchestrator
Answer: C
Explanation:
Cluster management tools help in orchestrating and monitoring large-scale distributed computing environments.
Zettaset Orchestrator (A): Commercial tool for Hadoop cluster management.
Apache Mesos (B): A cluster manager that abstracts CPU, memory, and storage to enable fault-tolerant distributed systems.
Apache Ambari (C): An open-source tool for provisioning, managing, and monitoring Hadoop clusters.
Apache Hadoop (D): Not a cluster management tool. Hadoop is a framework for distributed storage and processing (HDFS + MapReduce), not a management tool.
Thus, the correct answer is Option D (Apache Hadoop).
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Big Data Ecosystem: Hadoop Tools & Cluster Management.
NEW QUESTION # 37
In regression, the principle of machine learning is used to optimize the parameters to:
- A. Calculate the closest possible outcomes
- B. None of the above
- C. Both A and B
- D. Minimize the approximation error
Answer: C
Explanation:
Regression is a supervised learning technique where a model estimates the relationship between input features (independent variables) and an output (dependent variable).
Option A: Correct. The learning process involves optimizing model parameters (e.g., coefficients in linear regression) to minimize approximation error. Common loss functions include Mean Squared Error (MSE) or Mean Absolute Error (MAE).
Option B: Correct. Minimizing error enables the model to produce the closest possible outcomes to the actual observed values, ensuring accurate predictions.
Option C: Correct, since both A and B are true.
Option D: Incorrect.
Thus, regression optimization in machine learning aims to minimize approximation error and generate closest possible outcomes, making Option C the correct answer.
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Analytics & Machine Learning: Regression Models and Optimization Principles.
NEW QUESTION # 38
Which of the following is an example of graphical model?
- A. Markov Random Fields
- B. Both A and C
- C. Both A and B
- D. Bayesian Networks
- E. Geographical Networks
Answer: C
Explanation:
Graphical models are probabilistic models that represent variables and dependencies using graphs:
Markov Random Fields (Option A): Undirected graphical models that capture joint distributions over variables with neighborhood dependencies.
Bayesian Networks (Option B): Directed acyclic graphical models that encode conditional dependencies between random variables.
Geographical Networks (Option C): While they are graphs, they are not probabilistic graphical models used in statistics/ML.
Thus, the correct answer is Option D (Both A and B).
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Analytics: Graphical Models (Bayesian Networks
& Markov Random Fields).
NEW QUESTION # 39
Which of the following is NOT a main data container in Python?
- A. LinkedList
- B. Lists
- C. Dict
- D. Tuples
Answer: A
Explanation:
Python's built-in data containers are widely used in data science and programming:
Lists (Option A): Ordered, mutable sequences.
Tuples (Option B): Ordered, immutable sequences.
Dict (Option D): Dictionaries, key-value data structures implemented using hash tables.
LinkedList (Option C): Python does not provide a native linked list as a built-in container. While linked lists can be implemented manually or through external libraries (e.g., collections.deque for efficient appends
/pops), they are not part of Python's main native containers.
Thus, the correct answer is Option C (LinkedList).
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Programming for Data Science: Python Data Structures.
NEW QUESTION # 40
Which of the following is TRUE about monetization exercise?
- A. All of the above
- B. The monetization exercise process then seeks to identify complementary or secondary recommendations that can be packaged and delivered along with that product or service
- C. The monetization exercise provides an opportunity to uncover new product and/or service opportunities
- D. The monetization exercise works by first understanding the product usage patterns and customer usage behaviors associated with a particular product and service
- E. Both B and C
Answer: A
Explanation:
The monetization exercise is a critical phase in Big Data Business Model Maturity where organizations turn insights into new revenue opportunities.
Option A: Correct. Monetization often uncovers new product or service opportunities by leveraging analytics.
Option B: Correct. The first step is analyzing product usage patterns and customer behaviors to identify hidden value.
Option C: Correct. Insights help in building secondary recommendations or complementary products/services (cross-sell, upsell opportunities).
Thus, all three statements are valid, making the correct answer Option E (All of the above).
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Business Applications of Data Science: Data Monetization Strategies.
NEW QUESTION # 41
HDFS supports which quotas?
- A. None of the above
- B. Name quotas
- C. Both A and B
- D. Space quotas
Answer: C
Explanation:
HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File System) provides quota management to control and monitor resource usage across directories:
Name Quotas (Option A): Limits the number of files and directories that can be created in a given HDFS directory. Helps prevent excessive metadata growth.
Space Quotas (Option B): Limits the total disk space consumed by files within a directory. Helps in capacity planning and avoiding storage overuse.
Since HDFS supports both types, the correct answer is Option C (Both A and B).
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Big Data Ecosystem: HDFS Management and Quotas.
NEW QUESTION # 42
Spark is written in:
- A. Scala
- B. Python
- C. Java
- D. C++
- E. C
Answer: A
Explanation:
Apache Spark is an open-source distributed computing framework widely used for big data processing and machine learning pipelines.
The core implementation of Spark is written in Scala (Option A), which runs on the JVM (Java Virtual Machine).
Spark also provides APIs for Java, Python (PySpark), R, and SQL, but its native language is Scala.
Options C (C) and D (C++) are incorrect; Spark is not written in these languages.
Python (Option E) is a supported API, but Spark itself is not written in Python.
Thus, the correct answer is Scala (Option A).
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Programming Tools for Big Data & Distributed Computing.
NEW QUESTION # 43
Spark programs can be written in:
- A. All of the above
- B. Python
- C. Scala
- D. None of the above
- E. Java
Answer: A
Explanation:
Apache Spark supports multiple programming languages for developing distributed applications:
Java (Option A): Supported through Spark's JVM-based APIs.
Scala (Option B): Spark is natively written in Scala, and Scala APIs provide full functionality.
Python (Option C): Supported via PySpark, enabling Python developers to leverage Spark.
Additionally, Spark also supports R and SQL-like queries, making it versatile for data scientists and engineers.
Thus, the correct answer is Option D (All of the above).
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Programming Tools: Spark APIs for Java, Scala, Python, and R.
NEW QUESTION # 44
Image files can be broken down into two broad categories:
i. Rasterized
ii. Vectorized
iii. Sectorized
- A. ii, iii
- B. None of the above
- C. i, iii
- D. i, ii
Answer: D
Explanation:
Images are broadly categorized based on how they store visual information:
Rasterized images (Option i):
Composed of a grid of pixels (bitmap).
Each pixel has color information.
Examples: JPEG, PNG, BMP.
Best for photos or complex visuals.
Vectorized images (Option ii):
Composed of paths defined by mathematical formulas.
Scalable without quality loss.
Examples: SVG, EPS, AI.
Best for logos, icons, and illustrations.
Sectorized images (Option iii):
Not a standard category in computer graphics.
Thus, image files are categorized into Rasterized and Vectorized, making Option A (i, ii) correct.
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Data Types & Multimedia Data Management.
NEW QUESTION # 45
Which of the following is NOT Structured data?
- A. CSV files
- B. Data tables
- C. XML
- D. Relational databases
- E. None of the above
Answer: C
Explanation:
Structured data refers to highly organized data stored in predefined formats such as rows and columns.
Relational databases (Option A): Structured.
Data tables (Option B): Structured.
CSV files (Option C): Structured because they are tabular with rows and columns.
XML (Option D): Not structured but semi-structured because it stores hierarchical information with tags and attributes.
Thus, the correct answer is Option D (XML).
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Big Data Fundamentals: Structured vs Semi- structured Data.
NEW QUESTION # 46
Which of the following is NOT an example of the applications of neural networks?
- A. Image compression
- B. Stock market prediction
- C. Traveling salesman's problem
- D. Character recognition
- E. None of the above
Answer: C
Explanation:
Neural networks have been widely applied in various domains:
Option A (Character recognition): Correct application - neural networks are highly effective for OCR (Optical Character Recognition).
Option B (Stock market prediction): Correct application - neural networks are used to model time-series and nonlinear patterns in finance.
Option D (Image compression): Correct application - neural nets (autoencoders) are used for dimensionality reduction and compression.
Option C (Traveling salesman's problem): NOT a typical neural network application. This is a combinatorial optimization problem usually solved with heuristics, dynamic programming, or optimization algorithms (not standard neural networks).
Thus, the correct answer is Option C (Traveling salesman's problem).
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Machine Learning Applications of Neural Networks.
NEW QUESTION # 47
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